Konperensi tunjuk belang
LAIN padang lain belalang, lain negara lain pula hak asasi warganya. Setidaknya begitulah kenyataan yang ada, kenyataan yang bisa saja dinilai tak sesuai dengan beberapa pandangan yang terlontar dalam Konferensi Hak Asasi Manusia di Wina, Austria, pekan lalu. Konferensi internasional di markas PBB di Wina itu bercita-cita ingin menyeragamkan rumusan hak asasi manusia sedunia. Itulah dokumen hukum internasional yang dikeluarkan oleh Konferensi Hak Asasi Manusia sedunia, yang dihadiri 6.000-an wakil dari 180-an negara, pengurus organisasi internasional, dan aktivitis hampir 200 lembaga swadaya masyarakat di bidang hak asasi manusia dan pembangunan. ''Yah, inilah hasil terbaik yang bisa diharapkan dari kongres hak asasi oleh PBB ini,'' kata ketua konferensi, Alois Mock. ''Yang penting, konsensus bisa didapatkan dari negara-negara yang sangat berbeda seperti Swedia, Austria, Burundi, India, Korea Utara, dan Libya,'' tambah Mock, yang sehari-hari menjabat Menteri Luar Negeri Austria itu. ''Kompromi memang tak mungkin memuaskan aspirasi semua pihak,'' kata ketua delegasi Indonesia, Wiryono. ''Yang penting, dokumen ini secara umum merefleksikan pandangan bersama kita tentang hak asasi manusia, sebuah isu yang sedang menjadi pusat perhatian dunia,'' tambah Direktur Jenderal Politik Departemen Luar Negeri Indonesia itu. Dalam dunia diplomasi, kompromi itu juga berarti pemakaian kata-kata yang bermakna ganda. Ambil contoh tentang sifat universalnya hak asasi manusia yang sempat menjadi perdebatan panas itu. Negara Barat dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat umumnya berupaya keras untuk menjaga keabsolutan sifat universalitas ini. Dan mereka menaruh curiga bahwa sebagian negara berkembang ingin membawa pengertiannya ke arah yang lebih nisbi, berdasarkan keadaan ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya masing-masing. ''Mereka hanya ingin menggunakan alasan perbedaan politik dan budaya serta ekonomi dan sosial sebagai tameng untuk menyembunyikan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang mereka lakukan secara sistematis,'' ujar juru bicara Amnesti Internasional, Anita Tiessen. Sebaliknya, banyak negara berkembang curiga bahwa negara Barat, yang sedang jumawa sebagai pemenang perang dingin, bermaksud menggunakan hak asasi manusia sebagai alat untuk memaksakan nilai-nilai yang dianutnya ke seluruh dunia. ''Di dunia, yang dalam kenyataannya masih merupakan ajang dominasi yang kuat terhadap yang lemah, dan campur tangan antarnegara masih terjadi, tak ada satu negara atau satu kelompok negara pun yang dapat menahbiskan dirinya sebagai hakim, juri, dan algojo sekaligus terhadap negara lain dalam bidang yang peka dan kritis ini,'' kata Menteri Ali Alatas dalam sambutannya di awal konferensi. Alatas, yang mengatasnamakan 108 negara berkembang yang tergabung dalam Gerakan Nonblok, rupanya merasa telah terjadi salah pengertian dalam konferensi. ''Kami tak bermaksud datang ke konferensi ini untuk melakukan konfrontasi ataupun memperjuangkan konsep baru hak asasi, yang ditudingkan berdasarkan atas kenisbian budaya,'' kata Menteri Luar Negeri Indonesia itu. ''Kami menyadari bahwa pelaksanaan dan promosi hak asasi manusia harus dilakukan dalam semangat kerja sama dan konsensus, dan bukan dengan konfrontasi ataupun pemaksaan nilai-nilai tertentu,'' tambahnya lagi. Dan kompromi memang akhirnya dicapai. Hak asasi manusia yang disepakati dalam Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia PBB tahun 1948 dinyatakan kembali sebagai hal yang berlaku universal. Juga diakui bahwa deklarasi itu sebagai pasal-pasal yang utuh, yang bersifat kait-mengait dan tak dapat dipisahkan. Pelaksanaan di satu sisinya tak dapat dijadikan alasan untuk melanggar di sisi yang lain. Deklarasi Universal PBB menyangkut tak hanya hak politik dan sipil, melainkan juga hak ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Bagi negara Barat seperti AS, ''hak sipil dan politik harus tetap di muka, kata pejabat ketua delegasi AS John Shattuc. Tak heran jika banyak negara berkembang menganggap negara maju meremehkan hak-hak nonsipil dan politik. Anggapan ini tak cuma subur di negara Asia Pasifik yang sering dituding media Barat terlalu memperhatikan pembangunan ekonomi, dan terlalu meremehkan hak politik dan sipil. Negara Amerika Latin, yang dalam dasawarsa ini mengalami kemajuan pesat di bidang politik dan sipil, mempunyai persepsi yang sama. Gert Rosenthal, Sekretaris Eksekutif Komisi Ekonoml Amerika Latin dan Karibia, mengatakan regionalnya mengalami kemunduran di bidang hak asasi ekonomi kendati hak asasi sipil dan politiknya mengalami kemajuan pesat. Tahun 1980 hanya terdapat 136 juta (41%) penduduk kawasan ini berada di bawah garis kemiskinan absolut. Awal tahun 1990 jumlahnya naik menjadi 195 juta atau 45% penduduknya. Itulah sebabnya negara berkembang yang terpecah belah dalam berbagai persoalan lain ternyata bersatu padu dalam satu hal. Semuanya menentang keterkaitan (kondisionalitas) antara bantuan ekonomi dan kondisi hak asasi manusia negara penerima bantuan itu. Bahkan organisasi kerja sama internasional sepertl UNDP pun mempunyai sikap yang sama. ''Kondisionalitas hanya menyebabkan anggota masyarakat yang hak asasi ekonominya terlanggar menderita pukulan kedua setelah terpukul oleh pemerintahannya sendiri,'' kata Nyonya Ellen Johnson-Sirileaf, pejabat tinggi UNDP. Ia mengusulkan alternatif lain, yaitu meningkatkan peran lembaga swadaya masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan bantuan pembangunan negara berkembang. Lembaga swadaya masyarakat memang baru dalam konferensi kedua hak asasi manusia sedunia ini (yang pertama dilaksanakan di Teheran 25 tahun silam) secara resmi mendapatkan tempat. Namun, perannya belum diakui seratus persen karena statusnya dalam penyusunan dokumen konferensi masih terbatas sebagai pengamat dan pemberi masukan. Negara berkembang tampaknya masih diliputi kecurigaan bahwa lembaga swadaya masyarakat hanya menjadi kaki tangan negara maju, terutama karena pendanaan lembaga ini masih didominasi oleh donor negara maju. Lagipula, negara maju memang merupakan sponsor paling getol yang meminta agar lembaga swadaya masyarakat diakui sebagai peserta penuh konferensi. Bagi negara berkembang, persoalannya adalah lembaga tersebut mewakili siapa dan bagaimana kredibilitasnya. Baru setelah terdapat kompromi dalam menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, 200 lembaga swadaya masyarakat diundang, meski masih sebagai pengamat dan pemberi masukan saja. Masukan dari lembaga swadaya masyarakat yang paling kontroversial adalah usul dari Amnesti Internasional tentang perlunya pembentukan komisioner tinggi untuk hak asasi manusia. Negara berkembang yang sering menjadi sasaran laporan Amnesti Internasional yang menyudutkan umumnya menolak keras usul itu. ''Mengapa harus membentuk organisasi baru? Bukankah lebih baik memperkuat yang sudah ada saja?'' kata Wiryono, ketua delegasi Indonesia. Pasalnya, Pusat Hak Asasi Manusia PBB yang berkantor di Jenewa memang selalu mengeluh kekurangan dana dan personel. Namun, usul ini rupanya didukung kuat AS dan negara maju lainnya. Perdebatan sengit pun terjadi hingga penutupan sidang diundur hampir satu hari dari rencana semula. Negara berkembang, yang khawatir akan menjadi sasaran utama komisi hak asasi manusia ini, akhirnya menerima kompromi bahwa usul ini akan direkomendasikan ke Majelis Umum PBB untuk disetujui tahun ini. Sebagai pemanis, dokumen hak asasi manusia menyatakan bahwa pelaksanaan dan promosi hak asasi dilaksanakan tanpa pilih bulu. ''Jadi, kalau AS melanggar, ya harus diperlakukan sama seperti negara lain,'' kata diplomat Malaysia yang bekerja keras menahan usul ini. ''Tentu saja kami akan menerimanya,'' jawab John Shattuc dengan tangkas. Karena kampanye kuat negara maju dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat, banyak negara berkembang berada dalam posisi defensif. Diplomat Eropa seperti Belanda acap kali memberikan konferensi pers yang menunjuk negara-negara peserta konferensi yang ditudingnya sebagai penghambat kemajuan di bidang hak asasi. Iran, Suriah, Malaysia, RRC, dan negara Asia lainnya acap kali masuk daftar itu. Bahkan Indonesia juga pernah berapa kali terdaftar. Namun, sehari menjelang penutupan sidang, suasana berbalik. OKI, Organisasi Konferensi Islam, organisasi negara Islam yang beranggotakan 52 negara, memaksa sidang melakukan pemungutan suara untuk mendukung deklarasi yang menghujat pelanggaran hak asasi manusia di Bosnia-Herzegovina, yang hanya 300 km dari Wina itu. Juga diusulkan pencabutan embargo senjata terhadap Bosnia. Hampir saja upaya OKI gagal. Dengan alasan prosedural konferensi tak memungkinkan deklarasi terhadap kejadian spesifik di suatu negara dibahas, negara maju menolak. Namun, akhirnya voting dijalankan dan 88 negara mendukung, Rusia satu- satunya yang menentang dan sejumlah negara maju abstain (lihat Senjata untuk Bosnia). ''Jadi, sekarang bisa diekspos siapa sebenarnya yang berstandar ganda dalam hak asasi manusia,'' kata Hadi Wayarabi, anggota delegasi Indonesia di Wina, yang mengusulkan deklarasi ini dalam sidang OKI sebelumnya. ''Biar ketahuan belang mereka,'' tambahnya lagi. Itu barangkali kesimpulan utama konferensi dunia ini. Lain negara, lain pula pelanggaran hak asasi manusianya. Bambang Harymurti (Wina)
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Browse » Home » East Java , East Java Culture » Kasada Ceremony - Sacrifice Memorial To Plead Descent
2010/01/06
Kasada Ceremony - Sacrifice Memorial To Plead Descent
Kasada CeremonyThe Kasada ceremony was a traditional ceremony Tenggerese in region of Mount Bromo, Probolinggo, East Java. Tengger society has appeal because of their remarkable is clinging to the customs and culture that guide his life. They are highly respected by people around because they are holding fast to their culture by living honestly. Local language they use daily is an ancient Javanese language. Interest perch are the descendants of Roro anteng (daughter of the King of Majapahit) and Joko Seger (son of Brahmin).
Kasada CeremonyAccording to the legend, Kasada ceremony occurred a few centuries ago during the reign of Brawijaya dynasty and Majapahit kingdom, the empress blessed with a daughter named Roro anteng. After growing up the daughter fell in love and married a young man named Joko Seger, the son of the Brahmin caste. At the time the decline of Majapahit Kingdom and accelerated development of Islam in Java, some confidant of the kingdom and some of his family decided to go to the east. And most of the mountainous region perch, including Roro Anteng and Joko Seger. After they became the ruler of this region, they are very sad because they have not blessed with a child. Variety of ways they are trying, until at last they’re going to the top of Mount Bromo to meditate. Finally their request was granted with the emergence of magical voice, the condition of their youngest child after birth must be sacrificed to the crater of Mount Bromo. After they were blessed with 25 children, it was time they had to sacrifice the youngest. But they did not have the heart to do it, because the conscience of parents who do not have the heart to kill his son. Finally the gods angry and licked her youngest child entered to the crater of the mountains, comes the voice from the youngest to their parents to live quietly with his brothers. And each year to make offerings to the Mount Bromo discarded. Until now this custom is done to the next.
Kasada ceremony held like previous years will usually be preceded by mutual cooperation potent cleaning Pura Luhur Bromo and followed by the temple ceremony or mendhak tirta or taking holy water from Widodaren Cave. After that, they walked from their respective regions to the Pura Luhur carrying offerings with 'ongkek'. The offerings will then be thrown into the crater of Mount Bromo after prayers.
Kasada CeremonyIn addition, Kasada ceremony was also made to appoint a doctor or a shaman in every village. A few days before the ceremony begins Kasada ceremony, they are working on offerings which will be thrown into the crater of Mount Bromo. On the night of the 14-month Kasada, community throng in large perch with ongkek containing offerings of various agricultural products and livestock. Then they took him to the temple and while waiting for a respected elder shaman dating. Held at midnight the inauguration of a new shaman and blessing the people in a sea of sand of Mount Bromo. For the Tengger society, the role of healer is very important. Because they charge event - the rituals, marriage, etc.
Kasada CeremonyAfter the ceremony, ongkek-containing offerings brought from the Mount Bromo foot to the crater and thrown into the crater, as a symbol of sacrifices made by their ancestors. Around the crater there are many beggars and people who live perched hinterland, they were far distant day to come to the Mount Bromo and establish a residence in the mountains near the Bromo crater in the hope of getting thrown offerings. Offerings of crops and livestock that in throwing into the crater is a symbol of God's word on the results of livestock and agricultural abundance. To be able to see the Kasada ceremony, better we arrived before midnight, because we can see the height of the preparation of the shaman and the Tengger community for the implementation of the Kasada ceremony.
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* Kasada Ceremony - Sacrifice Memorial To Plead Descent
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Browse » Home » East Java , East Java Culture » Kasada Ceremony - Sacrifice Memorial To Plead Descent
2010/01/06
Kasada Ceremony - Sacrifice Memorial To Plead Descent
Kasada CeremonyThe Kasada ceremony was a traditional ceremony Tenggerese in region of Mount Bromo, Probolinggo, East Java. Tengger society has appeal because of their remarkable is clinging to the customs and culture that guide his life. They are highly respected by people around because they are holding fast to their culture by living honestly. Local language they use daily is an ancient Javanese language. Interest perch are the descendants of Roro anteng (daughter of the King of Majapahit) and Joko Seger (son of Brahmin).
Kasada CeremonyAccording to the legend, Kasada ceremony occurred a few centuries ago during the reign of Brawijaya dynasty and Majapahit kingdom, the empress blessed with a daughter named Roro anteng. After growing up the daughter fell in love and married a young man named Joko Seger, the son of the Brahmin caste. At the time the decline of Majapahit Kingdom and accelerated development of Islam in Java, some confidant of the kingdom and some of his family decided to go to the east. And most of the mountainous region perch, including Roro Anteng and Joko Seger. After they became the ruler of this region, they are very sad because they have not blessed with a child. Variety of ways they are trying, until at last they’re going to the top of Mount Bromo to meditate. Finally their request was granted with the emergence of magical voice, the condition of their youngest child after birth must be sacrificed to the crater of Mount Bromo. After they were blessed with 25 children, it was time they had to sacrifice the youngest. But they did not have the heart to do it, because the conscience of parents who do not have the heart to kill his son. Finally the gods angry and licked her youngest child entered to the crater of the mountains, comes the voice from the youngest to their parents to live quietly with his brothers. And each year to make offerings to the Mount Bromo discarded. Until now this custom is done to the next.
Kasada ceremony held like previous years will usually be preceded by mutual cooperation potent cleaning Pura Luhur Bromo and followed by the temple ceremony or mendhak tirta or taking holy water from Widodaren Cave. After that, they walked from their respective regions to the Pura Luhur carrying offerings with 'ongkek'. The offerings will then be thrown into the crater of Mount Bromo after prayers.
Kasada CeremonyIn addition, Kasada ceremony was also made to appoint a doctor or a shaman in every village. A few days before the ceremony begins Kasada ceremony, they are working on offerings which will be thrown into the crater of Mount Bromo. On the night of the 14-month Kasada, community throng in large perch with ongkek containing offerings of various agricultural products and livestock. Then they took him to the temple and while waiting for a respected elder shaman dating. Held at midnight the inauguration of a new shaman and blessing the people in a sea of sand of Mount Bromo. For the Tengger society, the role of healer is very important. Because they charge event - the rituals, marriage, etc.
Kasada CeremonyAfter the ceremony, ongkek-containing offerings brought from the Mount Bromo foot to the crater and thrown into the crater, as a symbol of sacrifices made by their ancestors. Around the crater there are many beggars and people who live perched hinterland, they were far distant day to come to the Mount Bromo and establish a residence in the mountains near the Bromo crater in the hope of getting thrown offerings. Offerings of crops and livestock that in throwing into the crater is a symbol of God's word on the results of livestock and agricultural abundance. To be able to see the Kasada ceremony, better we arrived before midnight, because we can see the height of the preparation of the shaman and the Tengger community for the implementation of the Kasada ceremony.
Stumble
Delicious
Technorati
Digg
Feed
Other Recommended Posts on East Java, East Java Culture
* Karapan Sapi - Cow Racing From Madura Island
* Wayang (Puppet) - Ancient Performing Arts
* Reog Ponorogo - A Lion Who Crowned A Peacock Feathers
* Nusa Barong - The Island Of Snake
* Papuma Beach (Malikan White Sand) – Hidden Paradise With Unspoiled Nature
* Mount Bromo - Mountain With Sand Beach
* Lake Sarangan - Beautiful Sand Lake On The Slopes Of Mountains And Pine Forests
* Crater Ijen - Crater Lake Which Produces Sulfur
* Mandara Giri Semeru Agung Temple - The Second Biggest Temple In Indonesia
* Kasada Ceremony - Sacrifice Memorial To Plead Descent
Posted by Bali Indonesia Tourism at 1:14 PM
Labels: East Java, East Java Culture
Comments :
0 comments to “Kasada Ceremony - Sacrifice Memorial To Plead Descent”
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